WORKS  CITED

         Alfred, William, trans. Beowulf, in Medieval Epics. N.Y.: Modern Library, 1963.

         Biguenet, John and Rainer Schulte, eds. The Craft of Translation. Chicago: U of Chicago  P,  1989.

         Binyon, Laurence, trans. The Divine Comedy, in The Portable Dante, ed. Paolo Milano.  N.Y.: Viking, 1947.

         Catullus, Tibullus, Pervigilium Veneris. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard U P, 1968.

         Ciardi, John, trans. Dante, The Inferno. N.Y.: Mentor, 1954.

         Clark Hall, John R. , trans. Beowulf and the Finnesburg Fragment. Ed. C.L. Wrenn,  Prefatory Remarks J.R.R. Tolkien. London: Allen and Unwin, 1950.

         Cohen, J.M., trans. François Rabelais, Garagantua and Pantagruel. London: Penguin,   1953.

         Kelly, Louis. The True Interprete: Ahistory of Translation Theory and Practice in the West. N.Y.: St. Martin’s, 1979.

         Lieberman, Philip. Uniquely Human: The Evolution of Speech, Thought, and Selfless                  Behavior. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard U P, 1991.

         Lowell, Robert. Imitations. N.Y.: Noonday, 1962.

         Maguire, R.J., trans.  Achdiat K. Mihardja, Atheis. St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia: U of  Queensland P, 1972.

         Mandelbaum, Allen, trans.  The Divine Comedy of Dante Aligheri: Inferno. Berkeley,  Calif.: U of Califvornia P, 1980.

         Mann, Thomas. “Letter to a Translator.” Delos 4, 1970, 210-11.

         Marlowe, Christopher. Works. Ed. C.F. Tucker Brooke. Oxford: Clarendon P, 1910.

         Musa, Mark, trans. Dante’s Inferno. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana U P, 1971.

         Pound, Ezra. Translations. N.Y.: New Directions, 1963.

         Raffel 1963. Raffel, Burton, trans. Beowulf. N.Y.: Mentor, 1963.

         Raffel 1971: Raffel. Burton. The Forked Tongue: A Study of the Translation Process. The  Hague: Mouton, 1971.

         Raffel 1973: Raffel, Burton. Why Re-Create?: A Conversation About Translations … . San Francisco: Chandler & Sharp, 1973.

         Raffel 1988: Raffel, Burton. The Art of Translating Poetry. Univ. Park, Pa.: Penn State U  P, 1988.

         Raffel 1994: Raffel, Burton. The Art of Translating Prose. Univ. Park, Pa.: Penn State U  P, 1993.

         Raffel 1998. Poems and Prose from the Old English. Trans. B. Raffel, ed. Alexandra H.  Olsen and B. Raffel. New Haven, Conn.: Yale U P, 1998.

         Raffel and Burago 1972. Raffel, Burton and Alla Burago.  Selected Works of Nikolai S. Gumilev. Albany, N.Y.: State U of N Y P, 1972.

         Twain , Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Berkeley: U of California P, 1985.

         Wechsler, Robert. Performing Without a Stage: The Art of Literary Translation. North  Haven, Conn.: Catbird P, 1998.

         Zukofsky, Louis, and Cerlia Zukofsky, trans. Catullus. N.Y.: Grossman, 1969