Du Fu as Literary Critic: “Six Quatrains Written in Jest”

translation by Geoffrey R. Waters

戲為六絕句

庾信文章老更成
凌雲健筆意縱橫
今人嗤點流傳賦
不絕前賢畏後生

楊王盧駱當時體
輕薄為文哂未休
爾曹身與名俱滅
不廢江河萬古流

縱使盧王操翰墨
劣于漢魏近風騷
龍文虎脊皆君馭
歷塊過都見爾曹

才力應難夸數公
凡今誰是出群雄
或看翡翠蘭苕上
未掣鯨魚碧海中

不薄今人愛古人
清詞麗句必為鄰
竊攀屈宋宜方駕
恐與齊梁作後塵

未及前賢更勿疑
遞相祖述復先誰
別裁偽體親風雅
轉益多師是汝師

Six Quatrains Written in Jest

Yu Xin’s writing matured as he grew older;
His vigorous brush rising to the clouds and the four corners of the world.
You young scholars of today sneer at what’s left of his work;
No wonder the sages have always said we should respect our juniors.

Wang, Yang, Lu and Luo set the style of their day;
Now you jeer at them for writing such frivolities.
But when you are all dead and your names forgotten,
Theirs will flow on, down the ages like great rivers.

Perhaps you are right, that when they dipped their brushes in ink,
They fell short of the Han and Wei standard that emulated the Odes and Li Sao?
But they rode steeds like Dragon Stripe and Tiger’s Back;
Can you lot leap a city like it was a lump of clay?

The talents of today struggle to surpass these Five Dukes;
Which among you is the genius who will stand out from the rest?
Some just see kingfishers on an orchid branch;
And miss a great whale deep in the blue ocean.

I don’t just belittle you moderns because I love the old;
There are fundamental reasons why some writing is beautiful.
Though you wish to match the greatness of Qu Yuan and Song Yu,
I’m afraid you’re more like dust behind the chariots of Qi and Liang.

That you are no match for these earlier sages is beyond doubt;
If you don’t constantly imitate them, how will you learn what is good?
So, leave behind your empty elegance, approach the majesty of the Odes;
Constantly seek a master to improve your work, for a master you surely need.

Note: Yu Xin was a sixth-century official and poet, much admired by Du Fu for his strong style. Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin and Luo Binwang were the “Four Masters” of early Tang poetry. Collectively, Du Fu refers to them as the Five Dukes. The Han and Wei Dynasties ruled from 206 B.C. until A.D. 265. The Qi and Liang Dynasties ruled from 479 until 557. Dragon Stripe and Tiger’s Back are legendary horses, but the same phrases can also refer to a vigorous and robust writing style. Qu Yuan and Song Yu lived around the fourth century B.C. Poetry attributed to them was collected in the anthology Chu Ci, “Songs of Chu.” The Odes are the poems that make up the Shi Jing or Book of Odes, one of the Confucian Classics.

Du Fu wrote very few poems about the writing of poetry itself. If only we could know to whom he addressed this withering broadside.